Isihloko Senqaku
Iilwimi zokuXhumanisa kuMzantsi Afrika / Iilwimi eziZizo zoMzantsi Afrika
Ezi lwimi zilawula kwiinkonzo zomhlaba wonke, ighiza lamazwe ngamazwe, uphando lwezemfundo, kunye nokuqukethwe kwe-intanethi.
- IsiNgesi - Ulwimi olusetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ulwimi olusisiseko lezoshishino, ezobuchwephesha, ezobuqu, ezemfundo, ne-intanethi.
- IsiTshayina (IsiMandarin) - Ulwimi lwasekhaya oluthethwa kakhulu, ulwimi olusemthethweni laseTshayina naseSingapore, lubaluleke ngakumbi ekuhambisaneni kwezoqoqosho namasiko omhlaba.
- IsiSpanish - Ulwimi lwesibini oluthethwa kakhulu lwasekhaya, lusetyenziswa eSpain, kwiindawo ezininzi zaseLatin America, nasezingxenyeni zaseUnited States.
- IsiFrentshi - Ulwimi olusemthethweni lweenkonzo ezibalulekileyo zomhlaba wonke (UN, EU, njl.), lusetyenziswa eFrance, eCanada, kumazwe amaninzi ase-Afrika, nakwiiwonga zobuqu.
- IsiArabhu - Ulwimi olusisiseko lomhlaba wamaIslam naseMpuma eNkaba, ulwimi olusemthethweni lwe-UN, olunamandla amakhulu enkolo nezoqoqosho.
Iilwimi eziBalulekileyo zeNgingqi nezoQoqosho
Iilwimi ezinabanethethi abaninzi okanye isimo esibalulekileyo kwingingqi okanye kwiindawo zozoqoqosho ezithile.
- IsiPhuthukezi - Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwaseBrazil, ePortugal, namanye amazwe ase-Afrika, lulwimi olubalulekileyo kwi-Hemisphere yaseMzantsi.
- IsiRashiya - Ulwimi lokuxhumanisa eRashiya, ezingxenyeni zaseCentral Asia naseMpuma Yurophu, lulwimi olubalulekileyo lokunxibelelana kwiCommonwealth of Independent States.
- IsiJamani - Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwezixhobo zozoqoqosho ze-EU (eJamani, e-Austria, eSwitzerland), lulwimi olubalulekileyo kwifilosofi, isayensi, nezenzululwazi.
- IsiJapani - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseJapan, lunamandla omhlaba wonke kubuchwephesha, i-anime, nezoshishino.
- IsiHindi - Ulwimi oluthethwa kakhulu eIndia, ulwimi olusemthethweni oluhambisana nesiNgesi.
Iilwimi zamaZwe amaKhulu neelwimi zamaSiko eziBonakalayo
Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa kumazwe anabantu abaninzi okanye kulawo anamathuba amakhulu okukhuphela ngaphandle amasiko.
- IsiBengali - Ulwimi lwesizwe laseBangladesh, ulwimi oluyintloko kwingingqi yaseBengal nakwisithili saseNtshona Bengal saseIndia.
- IsiUrdu - Ulwimi lwesizwe lasePakistan, lufana nesiHindi ekuthetheni kodwa lwahluke ekubhalweni.
- IsiPunjabi - Ulwimi oluyintloko kwiphondo lasePunjab lasePakistan nakwisithili sasePunjab saseIndia.
- IsiVietnam - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseVietnam.
- IsiThai - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseThailand.
- IsiTurkish - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseTurkey naseCyprus.
- IsiPersian - Ulwimi olusemthethweni okanye oluyintloko laseIran, e-Afghanistan (IsiDari), naseTajikistan (IsiTajik).
- IsiKorea - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseSouth Korea naseNorth Korea.
- IsiTaliyane - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseItaly, eSwitzerland, njl., lunamandla amakhulu kubugcisa, ukucwangcisa, nayo mculo.
- IsiDatshi - Ulwimi olusemthethweni laseNetherlands, eBelgium (IsiFlemish), kwaye kananjalo eSuriname naseAruba.
- IsiPolish - Ulwimi olusemthethweni lasePoland, lulwimi olubalulekileyo kwiCentral naseMpuma Yurophu.
Iilwimi eziZizo zeNgingqi ezithile nezeNtu
Iilwimi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe athile, amaqela entu, okanye iingingqi.
- Iilwimi zaseNyakatho Yurophu: IsiSwedish, IsiDanish, IsiNorwegian, IsiFinnish, IsiIcelandic.
- Iilwimi eziZizo zaseMpuma-ntshona Asia: IsiIndonesian, IsiMalay, IsiFilipino (IsiTagalog), IsiBurmese, IsiKhmer (IsiCambodian), IsiLao.
- Ezinye iilwimi eziZizo zaseMzantsi Asia: IsiTelugu, IsiTamil, IsiMarathi, IsiGujarati, IsiKannada, IsiMalayalam, IsiOdia, IsiAssamese, IsiSinhala (eSri Lanka), IsiNepali.
- Iilwimi zaseMpuma Yurophu naseBalkan: IsiUkrainian, IsiRomanian, IsiCzech, IsiHungarian, IsiSerbian, IsiCroatian, IsiBulgarian, IsiGreek, IsiAlbanian, IsiSlovak, IsiSlovenian, IsiLithuanian, IsiLatvian, IsiEstonian, njl.
- Iilwimi zaseCentral Asia naseCaucasus: IsiUzbek, IsiKazakh, IsiKyrgyz, IsiTajik, IsiTurkmen, IsiMongolian, IsiGeorgian, IsiArmenian.
- Iilwimi zaseMpuma-ntshona: IsiHebrew (e-Israel), IsiKurdish, IsiPashto (e-Afghanistan), IsiSindhi.
- Iilwimi eziZizo zase-Afrika (ngokwengingqi):
- eMpuma Afrika: IsiSwahili (ulwimi lokuxhumanisa lwengingqi), IsiAmharic (e-Ethiopia), IsiOromo, IsiTigrinya, IsiKinyarwanda, IsiLuganda.
- eNtshona Afrika: IsiHausa (ulwimi lokuxhumanisa lwengingqi), IsiYoruba, IsiIgbo, IsiFula (IsiFulani), IsiWolof, IsiAkan, IsiEwe.
- eMzantsi Afrika: IsiZulu, IsiXhosa, IsiSotho, IsiTswana, IsiShona, IsiChewa (eMalawi).
- eMadagascar: IsiMalagasy.
Iilwimi ezineSimo esiKhethekileyo okanye iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa
- IsiLatini - Ulwimi lweNtsika nolwemfundo, ulwimi lweenkonzo zobuKatolika, ulwimi lwembali olubhaliweyo lwesayensi, umthetho, nefilosofi, alusasetyenziswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo yonke imihla.
- IsiGrike sasendala - Ulwimi lweNtsika lwamasiko nemfundo, lubalulekile ekufundeni ifilosofi, imbali, isayensi, nenewadi eyiyo yeTestamente eNtsha, alusasetyenziswa njengolwimi oluthethwayo yonke imihla.
- IsiBasque - Ulwimi oluzodwa, luthethwa kwingingqi yaseBasque emdeni weSpain neFrance, alunabo ubudlelwane obaziwayo bolwimi.
- IsiWelsh, IsiIrish, IsiScottish Gaelic - Iilwimi zesiCeltic, zisetyenziswa kwiingingqi ezithile zase-UK (eWales, e-Ireland, eScotland), zikhuselwe ngokomthetho ngeenkampani zokuvuselela eziqhubekayo.
- IsiTibetan, IsiUyghur - Iilwimi eziZizo zabantu abamnyama baseTshayina, zinabanethethi abaninzi kwiTibet Autonomous Region naseXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
- IsiPashto - Elinye lamalwimi amabini asemthethweni ase-Afghanistan, kananjalo lulwimi olubalulekileyo entshona yePakistan.
Itafile yesishwankathelo (Ukukhankanya ngokukhawuleza ngokusetyenziswa)
| Udidi | Imizekelo yeelwimi | "Ukusetyenziswa" okanye umongo oyintloko |
|---|---|---|
| Ulwimi lokuxhumanisa kuMzantsi Afrika | IsiNgesi, IsiTshayina, IsiFrentshi, IsiSpanish, IsiArabhu | Iinkonzo zomhlaba wonke, ubudlelwane bamazwe, ighiza lomhlaba, ukushicilelwa kwezemfundo, i-intanethi esisiseko |
| Ulwimi oluLawula iNgingqi | IsiRashiya (CIS), IsiPhuthukezi (umhlaba wesiPhuthukezi), IsiJamani (Central Europe), IsiSwahili (eMpuma Afrika) | Ulwimi lokuxhumanisa lwezopolitiko, ulwimi lwezoqoqosho, namasiko kwingingqi ethile yomhlaba |
| Ulwimi lweSizwe eliKhulu | IsiHindi, IsiBengali, IsiJapani, IsiIndonesian, IsiVietnam, IsiThai | Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwamazwe anabantu abaninzi kunye nendlela yokuqhuba intetho ngaphakathi kwelizwe |
| Iilwimi zamaSiko/zeMfundo | IsiTaliyane (ubugcisa), IsiJapani (i-anime), IsiLatini/IsiGrike sasendala (uphando lweentsika) | Ukukhuphela ngaphandle kwesithuba samasiko esithile okanye uphando olucwangcisiweyo lwemfundo |
| Iilwimi zeNgingqi/zeNtu | Uninzi lwezinye iilwimi, umz. IsiUkrainian, IsiTamil, IsiZulu, njl. | Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, imfundo, iindaba phakathi kwelizwe elithile, iqela lentu, okanye indawo yolawulo |
Isiphelo
"Ububaluleki" bolwimi buyaguquguquka kwaye bunamacala amaninzi, kuxhomekeke kwiinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana nenani labantu, uqoqosho, isiko, nombali. Olu hlalutyo luhlose ukunikeza isishwankathelo esisebenzayo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yamhlanje, ukunceda abafundi baqonde ngokukhawuleza ukumisela nokushicilelwa kweelwimi eziyintloko zomhlaba. Nokuba kungokufunda, ighiza, uphando lwamasiko, okanye ukwenziwa kolwimi kwizobuchwephesha, ukuqonda okucacileyo kwimeko yolwimi kusisiseko esibalulekileyo sokunxibelelana nokusebenzisana kwamagunya amasiko ahlukeneyo.